Top 10 Mistakes to Avoid When Planning Your Alaska Vacation

Mistake #1

You're Basing Your Travel Research on Poor Information

Alaska is a land of great expectations and the wise traveler plans ahead to experience each and every one. This advance planning and research will allow you to create an interesting and comfortable itinerary filled with memory making adventures, spectacular scenery, wildlife, and more photo ops than one can imagine.

Brochures, the Internet, and television travel programs are a great starting point for planning your Alaskan vacation. All are highly entertaining sources of inspiration for potential travel ideas, but when it's time to plan and book your trip of a lifetime, it is important to utilize all of the available resources prior to booking.

Brochures can be very limited in terms of the scope of their information. They are used primarily as a form of advertising which means that while you may learn some positive and enticing facts about a certain travel package, tour, or destination, you're probably not going to acquire the objective insight that can only be provided by first hand experience. Speaking with someone who has had personal experience with a tour, or cruise is always preferable.

The Internet, like brochures, is also a great place to start your search for vacation ideas. The drawback when researching online is that, unless you already know exactly what you're looking for, you may end up missing something important. This could be something as simple as a day trip you weren't aware of or something as important as neglecting to follow state regulations in terms of sport fishing or hunting which can carry some very serious consequences. For the sake of safety and adherence to Federal guidelines, be thorough in your research online.

Alaska Fish and Game is an excellent resource when it comes to fishing and hunting regulations, seasons and quotas and harvesting your game. Do you know when and where the biggest king salmon run is? Or what the record rainbow trout is on record? These and many other facts can be found at the Alaska Fish and Game website.

Travel Programs are the most entertaining of vacation planning. Typically, the traveler sits at home on a comfortable couch and imagines that he or she is kayaking among the icy blue glaciers, hiking through Denali National Park, dropping a line into the deep waters of the magnificent Alaska Inside Passage or following a bear's tracks through the Yukon tundra. All of these adventures offer the imagination incredible moments of pleasure, but this is just the tip of the proverbial Alaskan iceberg. There is so much more to see and experience.

Consider beachcombing, cave exploring, historical sites like the Russian settlements in Sitka and the legendary totems of the native Tlingit Alaskans which can add a new dimension to a traditional fishing or hunting trip.

Brochures, websites and travel programs are designed to paint an establishment in the most favorable light. They focus on the most positive attributes and downplay the negatives. Brochures typically highlight only the very best accommodations, the biggest fish, the happiest guests, and omit their less attractive attributes. But will what you find upon your arrival match your expectations? Alternately, a quality destination or tour may be rejected due to a less than flattering brochure. Again, speaking to a friend or travel professional that is objective and has firsthand knowledge of the destination is the key!

Mistake #2

You Don't Know What You (Really) Need To Pack

Because Alaska's weather can vary dramatically throughout the course of a single day and the course of your entire visit, you'll need to consider carefully the clothing and accessories you pack in order to remain comfortable. This is hugely important! I've seen poor packing ruin more trips than I can count.

For instance, it's not just anglers and hunters who intend to be out in nature for days on end who need to put serious thought into the type of clothing they'll be packing on their excursion; everyone should be mindful of their clothing choices.

In the summertime, Alaskan daytime temperatures average in the 60s, and can go as high as the low 80s. Evenings can drop down into the 30s and 40s. Whether you're out on the town or fishing in the wild, be sure to pack light-weight clothing that can be worn in layers which will absorb perspiration in order to remain comfortable during your stay. Fabrics such as Fleece, Gortex, and Cordura offer lightweight, moisture-­resistant protection from the elements.

Many coastal regions of Alaska receive significant precipitation. Staying dry is extremely important. It is critical to check with your outfitter regarding rain gear and boots. Many fishing lodges provide foul weather gear to their guests. If they don't, you'll need to bring these items with you.

In warm weather or cold, the sun does shine in Alaska! Remember to bring sunscreen and sunglasses. Packing the right clothes for the right season, destination and activity allows the wise traveler to enjoy all that Alaska has to offer. From Wrangell wildlife to Nome nightlife, from Anchorage's sunny days to Aurora Borealis' sunny nights, you'll be ready!

Mistake #3

You've Failed to Purchase the Correct Travel Insurance

Alaska is now one of the world's top 5 vacation destinations. The tourism industry makes up a large portion of Alaska's economy, so when you book an Alaskan vacation, chances are quite good that you will be in the hands of qualified professionals. Alaska can be an unforgiving wilderness. Occasionally, even well planned outings can go unexpected wrong, so it's important to purchase travel insurance that will keep you protected financially and offer emergency medical treatment and evacuation if required.

Travel Protection Insurance is a worthwhile investment for any travel that involves outdoor activities in the wild. Whether you are an adventure traveler, angler, or hunter, an "Adventure Travel Policy" will provide the travel insurance coverage you need for your trip. These policies typically include: Trip Cancellation and Interruption coverage for your trip deposit; travel delay coverage; medical expenses, emergency medical evacuation and lost baggage coverage. In many cases your policy also will include 24/7 emergency travel and concierge services so that you are only a phone call away from the assistance that you need.

The savvy traveler knows that Alaska is one of the most rugged and remote vacation destinations in the world. Many sojourners to Alaska come in search of high adventure. Not all travel insurance plans cover costs such as medical evacuation which could cost thousands of dollars in remote areas. Injuries or illness that happen during travel can wind up being very expensive if you're left uncovered.

Most claims are based on trip cancellation due to personal or family health issues. Travel protection policies can reimburse you for 100% of your expenses. The cost of a policy can vary, but expect to pay about 7 - 10% of the total trip cost. Be sure to purchase the right travel insurance for the peace of mind that comes with knowing that you and your companions will be covered in the event of any emergency.

Mistake #4

You're Not Taking the "Road Less Traveled" (Avoid Herds Of Tourists!)

Most travelers to Alaska head toward the well-­known attractions such as Denali National Park, Kenai Fjords and Glacier Bay and these certainly are at the top of the Alaska "Must See" list; however, there are many hidden gems waiting to be discovered by those who plan ahead.

With a little research at the library or local book store you can plot a unique Alaska itinerary filled with jewels that you most probably won't find online. These lesser-­known but highly rewarding attractions can easily be added to your itinerary. And, of course, once you're there, it never hurts to ask a local for activity recommendations. You'll be surprised at some of the great local events, or secret fishing holes you'll discover by simply asking.

There are numerous benefits to fitting these hidden gems into your itinerary. The biggest is time and logistics. Alaska tourist attractions can range from affordable to extravagant. By choosing activities unknown to most tourists, you'll likely save money and more importantly discover your personal Alaskan experience. Choosing these less publicized destinations sets you apart from the herds and tourist traps, and allows you to encounter the adventure that is Alaska.

If you think there is more to Alaska than the cookie-­cutter packages so many tourists experience by limiting their itinerary to what is found in brochures and online, then contact your travel agent to work with you in creating a one-­of-a-­kind vacation that is off the grid but right on target with your sense of adventure.

Mistake #5

You've Failed To Calculate The Complexities Of Alaska Travel

Some of the most stunningly beautiful sites and charming remote towns in Alaska are inaccessible by roads including the state capitol of Juneau. So if you plan on including any of these not-­to-­be missed treasures on your itinerary, then it's vital to plan how you will be traveling to and from these locations.

Fortunately, there are sufficient small airports for both floatplanes and traditional aircraft. In addition, water taxis, rental cars, trains, and ferries transport visitors around the state.

It is important to keep in mind that travel within Alaska does have its challenges. Planning the most reliable and cost effective way to transverse the state requires research and an understanding of Alaska's unique transportation system. Many of Alaska's coastal cities and towns can be reached via the Alaska Marine Highway (Ferry System), or by the ever popular floatplane.

Some Remote Cities That Are Not To Be Missed:

Barrow: Accessible only by small plane is a fascinating place to visit for anyone with an interest in anthropology. It is also home to the Inupiat Heritage Center and is a great location to watch whales and other Arctic wildlife. If, however, a romantic sunset is more to your liking, keep in mind that Barrow has no sunsets between May 10th and August 2nd.

Prince of Wales Island (POW): Located in Southeast Alaska. POW Island is the 3rd largest island in the United States after the Big Island of Hawaii and Kodiak. The Island has several hundred miles of drivable roads, hundreds of lakes, dozens of rivers, and camping is available at very reasonable costs. POW can be reached by ferry from Ketchikan or by floatplane. The main town is Craig. Both the Haida and Tlingit tribes inhabit POW and their culture can be observed in totem parks and ceremonies offered to visitors.

Sitka: Accessible only by boat or plane. This town is less frigid than many Alaskan cities and boasts relatively mild weather with summer highs in the 60s. It's home to Castle Hill where Russia signed over Alaska to the United States in 1867. This historic former Russian jewel is a trip highlight and the perfect place to learn about Alaska's diverse history. It also contains numerous hiking trails for nature enthusiasts. Sitka is also one of Alaska's most sought after fishing destinations. Based on reports by Alaska Fish & Game, Sitka boasts the lowest rod hours per king salmon in the state for over 12 concurrent years. With good planning, it's easy to enjoy many of Alaska's iconic destinations while still making it back to the lodge in time for dinner.

Mistake #6

You Miss Golden Opportunities Due to Restrictive Itineraries

Alaska, more than twice the size of Texas, certainly has plenty of room for organized guided tours! These large regulated tour groups can be a safe, convenient, and affordable vacation option. For some, having their luggage outside the hotel door at 7am ready to be picked up is the perfect start to each vacation day. Others, however, want more than what the standard itinerary allows. To them, exploring Alaska means adventure up close and personal.

Often, the most memorable parts of your vacation are not necessarily the ones you planned in advance or saw in the brochure. Instead, the best spur-­of-­the moment side trips often come as the result of passing by an interesting looking shop, asking a knowledgeable local about the area, or having consulted with a friend who knows Alaska prior to your departure.

To assure you have the time and energy to give in to your side trip impulses, leave half a day free or a few hours that you can spare in your itinerary for whatever unexpected opportunities you discover along the way.

Alaska welcomes visitors year round with majestic scenery, native culture, wildlife, all-­season sports, and exciting events, especially during the longer days of spring and summer. Last-­minute memories abound but a too crowded itinerary can mean an opportunity missed. Venture away from the crowd and experience Alaska on a deeper level.

Mistake #7

You're Overpaying for Accommodations, Tours, and Services

As is the case in many other vacation destinations, the prices for numerous tours and services in the Alaskan tourism industry increase the closer you get to the event date. Many Alaskan small businesses that charter boats and planes to travelers for the purpose of fishing and hunting trips are a particular example of this. Services that charter boats and planes within the state operate seasonally, and are anxious to have their vehicles booked in time for the appropriate migration or spawning season.

In order to fill the space, many charter companies offer Early Bird deals that can reduce costs as much as $200 and sometimes even more just for booking several months in advance. As a bonus, booking ahead allows for you to get the best dates during the peak times for the type of game or fish you want to pursue.

Booking hotels in advance offers many benefits, as well. Many hotels offer guests a reduced room rate of 20-30% or higher for booking at least 21 days in advance. Plus, by booking ahead of time, you stand a better chance of getting the room you really want. Never under estimate the lure of Alaska. To experience the trip of your dreams, book well in advance for the best rooms, tours, services, and rates.

Mistake #8

The Best Timing Your Alaska Fishing Adventure

Alaska is a veritable Mecca for sportsmen, especially hunters and fishing enthusiasts, and with good reason. When it comes to anglers, there are numerous types of both salt and freshwater fish to be caught in Alaska's three thousand rivers, three million lakes, and along the over six thousand miles of Pacific coastline. In these innumerable bodies of water, fishermen and women can find some of the world's finest halibut, as well as the northern pike, lingcod, the Arctic char, the Dolly Varden and many, many more.

Alaska is also world renowned for its assortment of high quality salmon and trout which swim upstream at different times of year. With such a grand variety of fish available, it's no wonder that enthusiastic anglers travel thousands of miles to bring home their own boxes of Alaska's fishing bounty. However, when you've planned for months for this fishing trip, you need to be sure you're traveling at the right time of year.

For instance, various varieties of salmon move upstream between Alaska's assorted rivers between June and July, with some cold water fish swimming upstream as late as October. During Alaska's peak fishing season, it's not uncommon for fish storytelling anglers to return home with salmon that weigh as much as 30 lbs. or more. Before booking the informed angler coordinates with Alaska Fish and Game or charter guides for the best locations and peak times to catch the all important trophy fish with the attached bragging rights! This same planning ahead is just as important for hunters to know peak seasons, as well.

Sight-seeing visitors can benefit also by knowing the best times to visit National Parks and the areas of Alaska that most appeal to their own interests.

Mistake #9

You're Missing Great Lodging And Flights By Not Booking Early

Alaska is an extremely popular vacation destination due to the lush and unspoiled beauty of its natural wilderness. In 2010, over 1.5 million people visited Alaska. In fact, 1 in 8 Alaskan jobs relates to the tourism industry. Clearly, Alaskan tourism is big business and, as such, travelers should book early to reserve their hotel rooms, flight and yacht charters and sporting events, especially in the most sought after destinations.

Advance planning is the key to the Alaskan Adventure-of-a-Lifetime. This puts the traveler in control of the itinerary and allows for a greater selection of destinations, accommodations and events. Trips booked on short notice can leave you open to disappointment. You may discover that the best boat for salmon fishing is unavailable or your destination accommodations are booked. This could lead to a less desirable hotel room at a higher rate.

To prevent any of these inconvenient and budget-­unfriendly errors, it is important to book your desired hotel room at least 21 days ahead of your anticipated check-­in date.

As for flights, while airfare prices fluctuate greatly, many experts advise travelers to book at least six weeks in advance for the best possible deal. Ask your travel agent to help guide you through the complete reservation process to create the Alaskan vacation that best fits your plans and budget requirements.

In Alaska, bush planes are a necessary way of life for people living in many of the state's most remote regions. It's also one of the most popular forms of sightseeing as it allows visitors to explore the most untamed wilderness from the security of their passenger seats. Always book these exhilarating flights as far in advance as possible. These soaring-­with-­the-­eagles flights sell out quickly during the peak tourist seasons of spring and summer and are some of the most popular highlights when visiting Alaska.

Mistake #10

Only Fools Rush In...

Alaska is not the State for the first time ­to Alaska traveler to venture into without the skilled guidance only a professional can offer. Navigating through the maze of fishing, hunting and camping regulations could be confusing without the assistance of someone who is up to date on all the Federal and State changes and requirements.

Much of Alaska is under Federal protection and, as such, the state has some of the strictest and most varied hunting and fishing regulations anywhere. So to avoid any unpleasant setbacks, be sure to seek advice on all the fishing and hunting licenses, harvest records, and tags you'll need to secure far in advance of your departure date. Also note that in addition to the statewide regulations that must be followed there are local regulations that pertain to the specific region(s) you'll be visiting, as well.

Millions of tourists visit Alaska annually. Without proper preparation a traveler may join the ranks of those who just skim the surface, unaware of all the state as to offer. A well planned trip will truly will be the adventure of a lifetime.



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The History Of The Alaska Gold Rush

The first big gold discovery in Nevada was what we call placer gold. It was in a stream flowing into the Carson River near the town of Dayton. This gold discovery was made by the Mormon gold-seekers, called "forty-nine" on their migration (as a reference to 1849), to California gold fields. It later led others upstream into what is called the Virginia range. Where they found the mother-load of gold fields in 1859.

There were two miners by the name of Peter O'Reilly and Patrick McLaughlin, they began prospecting with a rocker box on the mountain near a small screen. Most got some gold and also large balls of heavy blue and black mud that stuck to the rocker box which made it almost impossible to wash out the material and find any gold.

On a closer inspection, it revealed that the blue mud was loaded with silver almost pure silver, which can easily be done by hand with a shovel. By the ton. And every ton was worth an estimated $2000.

The Comstock load got its name from a Henry Thomas Paige Comstock, he came across O'Reilly and McLaughlin, who were prospecting and told them that he had claim their and they were claim jumping, which was illegal and a lie. The man didn't want any trouble, so they shared the claim with Comstock, which became the famous Ophir Mine.

The new news travel very fast. The silver and gold fever was on! Prospectors and drifters rushed into the area to work in the underground mine tunnels Mark Twain came to the original Nevada Sin city, which was a beehive of activity and Virginia City was a festering den of scum and villainy you'd think Las Vegas was the original 24-hour sin city, but Virginia City claimed that title it long time ago in 1863 the total number of arrests and jailed was one-third the town's population of 31,000 people.

The wealthy mines helped grow Virginia City during the gold rush. It turned the poorest prospector into instant wealthy millionaires and made billions for Wall Street, many stockholders made fortunes in the Comstock gold rush. As for Henry Comstock after working his way into his deal sold his share of the claim for $20,000 and opened up his own businesses, all of them failed. He tried to be a prospector again, but with no success in 1870, he committed suicide.

The Comstock load discoverer Peter O'Reilly held his shares a while longer. Then finally, selling out for $50,000 he spent his fortune in the Sierras, thinking that he'd find a richer gold strike then the Comstock load, but that didn't pan out it was a bust. Instead, he went insane and died in asylum.

Co-discover of the Comstock load Patrick McLaughlin sold his mine share for $3000. The money didn't last long. He worked at odd jobs until he died. He was buried in a pauper's grave.

There was a lot more different discoveries during the California gold days and continues even now, with a lot more rules and regulations. A person can still strike it rich, especially with the prices of gold skyrocketing from back when the gold rush started at around $200 an ounce to $1600 an ounce, and climbing.

Gold was first mined and discovered in Alaska in the 1870s. Alaska has the most interesting gold history of them all. Alaska today has its landscape full of old remnants of the states gold-rush past and present.

Gold rush in Alaska today Today Alaska is one of the few states in the world that will allow a small-scale prospector to prospect for gold legally. It is common for a prospector to use a gold pan and a sluice box in the city or small sites that don't call for a commercial mining outfit. A person can stop on the side of the road near a creek on his way home from work and pan a few shovels of dirt.

The University of Alaska Museum in Fairbanks. There is a gold showcase of the Alaskan gold Rush history from its discovery in the 1870s to the present, a visitor to Alaska can choose from many gold jewelers and gift shops. There are a lot of tours and panning type of trips and is also known for its great hunting and fishing across the state.

The gold rush began with the discovery at a place called Sitka in 1872, then another gold rush discovery at the second major place called Windham Bay in 1876, but the Alaska can be created to the discovery of major gold deposits in 1880 at Juneau Alaska, the gold prospectors found significant pieces of quartz black sand and galena, containing shiny gold in Gold Rush Creek, city of Juneau was named after a prospector Joseph Juneau, the gold deposits in Juneau are still being mined today, which has given the Alaskan state economy a great contribution of wealth.

The great Alaska gold rush It was the Juneau gold discovery that started the Alaska gold rush when prospectors came to the state to cash in on the gold craze in 1880. Today, along the old mining areas, you will find all kinds of tourists attractions along the coast of Alaska. One such area is the Nome region that was made famous by all the old prospectors in the 1890s that came for the gold rush looking for gold. The beaches of Nome still produce gold for the small-scale prospectors that wanted to be reminded of the gold rush days.

Much like the California gold rush. The Alaskan gold Rush can also be credited with the growth of settlement towns into major economic centers Fairbanks got a great boost from the gold-rush era. Still today, Fairbanks has sufficient gold deposits, and is a big mining city with lots of small time prospectors trying their luck at the gold rush of the past and present the largest, most recent Alaskan gold find was made near a Lake just 235 miles southwest of Anchorage, Alaska, Thought to contain the largest gold deposits in the second largest copper deposit in North America with 31.3 million ounces of gold with a further 18.8 billion pounds of copper the gold rush continuous.



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Where to Find Gold Outdoors With Amatuer Prospecting and Panning

With the price of gold per ounce reaching record levels, many people are becoming interested in amateur gold prospecting and panning. Although most people might assume that gold can only be found in certain western geographical areas of the U.S.A., it's a fact that you can find gold in one form or another in almost every single state in the union. And becoming an amateur gold prospector yourself is both inexpensive and fairly simple to learn.

There are two basic ways for amateur prospectors to find gold in the United States: by panning for gold flakes in creeks and streams, or by metal detecting for gold nuggets on dry land. Both methods can end up being fruitful, but many prospectors find that they are better suited for one over the other.

A third method for prospecting is searching for veins of gold deposited in rock (usually in conjunction with quartz) and using a hammer and chisel to extract it. This method, however, doesn't usually produce results as measurable as panning or metal detecting for gold.

The first step to take when starting your gold prospecting hobby is to find out if gold has been found in your state by amateurs either by panning or metal detecting. Even if you live in a state that isn't well-known for having gold mines or deposits, you might be surprised to discover that there are gold prospecting clubs in your area. Because gold is so common across the country, there are panning opportunities in dozens of states.

Secondly, order a simple beginner's gold panning kit on the Internet. Gold panning starter kits are usually less than a hundred dollars, and they include everything you need to get started. A plastic gold pan, snuffer bottle, classifier, gold vial and even a how-to book on prospecting are usually included in the kit.

When you're ready to get started, the best way to learn is from experience panning enthusiasts who have prospected in your area in the past. If you can't find a local gold panning group to join, however, there's no reason to worry... luckily, gold panning is something that you can easily learn how to do successfully on your own.

Thanks to the Internet, there are literally hundreds of different gold panning how-to videos that you can find online and watch to learn the right methods for finding gold. Experienced prospectors have uploaded plenty of great footage of panning in action in states from Florida to Alaska.

Once you've researched local gold panning locations, identified a good creek or stream to get started in, and learned the basics about panning technique, it's time to dive in. Don't expect to find gold flakes on your first try or even your first several tries... it can take a long time before you find success, but don't give up. All of the hard work will be worth it when you find your first gold nugget or flake!



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Where to Find Gold by Reading Streams and Rivers

Many inexperienced prospectors often get frustrated very quickly when they first start. They're expectations are high and they don't have a lot of experience to work with. While there are many skills one must develop to mature into a successful prospector, the one all beginners should focus on immediately is their ability to judge, read, and otherwise locate gold in streams and creeks. It's not rocket science so a good foundation goes a really long way!

Firstly you must realize that gold in itself is very heavy. It has a specific gravity of 19.3, so in other words it weighs 19 times as much as an equal volume of water. That's quite heavy and there's really only a handful of other elements that weigh more. None of which need any concern for now. The principle that gold is heavy is the foundation of all gold panning and placer mining. Gold will settle to the bottom of any turbulent material and it will be the last thing to be washed away by water. This is how the premise of a gold pan works. It's important to know this because once you understand the dynamics and behavior of gold in water, you can begin to predict its behavior in moving water like creeks and rivers.

Now assuming you're working a creek, stream, or river that's known to bare gold - which you should be! - you're going to have to imagine or predict where the gold will be settling as the current pushes it around and deposits it. To do this, Imagine in your mind a thick S curve representing the water flow. If you where to take a piece of string and run it from the stop of the "S" to the bottom you would notice that it cuts the corners much like a race car driver - the path of least resistance. Along this line is where the gold will be deposited. Note that the line is a complete juxtaposition of the creek's faster moving current. Gold will be deposited on inside corners and just off center in long straight sections. Apply this imaginary string idea to the creek or river before you and start digging.

Since it doesn't do much good to run around checking random spots you may think - or hope - have gold, you're going to want to work on your sampling skills. Sampling isn't the most fun since its rather tedious and monotonous. However it can seriously help you hone in on a good pay streak or honey hole.

Start by finding the high water mark and dig up a sample from the ground. I dig down to three different depths or until I hit bedrock, whichever comes first. Once I've panned out the samples and noted how much black sand or gold I've found at the three depths, I then move towards the center of the creek in 3 or 4 foot increments. Continue in this fashion all the way to the center of the creek if you can, all the while noting how much black sand or gold you're recovering. Remember black sand is heavy like gold, but with a specific gravity between 5 and 11. The black sands will be deposited near and around gold. Ideally what you want to look for is the specific spot where the black sand levels drop greatly. It will be nearest the center of the creek because this is where the water moves faster and carries the black sands away. Because gold is heavier this is generally where the gold is deposited or left unmoved. This will be your pay streak and all your work has hopefully paid off. Follow the pay streak longitudinally up and down the creek till it runs out.

So there you have it, two very useful methods of finding gold in most streams, creeks and rivers. Armed with this knowledge you should be able to find at the very least a little bit of gold. That's a far cry better than NO gold and nobody can argue with that! Happy prospecting and good luck!



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The American Gold Rush and Global Migration

The great American gold rush began in 1849, followed by an accidental discovery of gold by a Swiss miller named John Sutter in 1848 in California. This triggered a high scale migration of men, women, and children from all around the globe. This particular migration, which was to search gold, is usually termed as the 'gold rush'. A wave of emigrants braved miseries, Illness, hardships, and sometimes even death in their quest to find gold. All such emigrants are known as the forty-niners.

California is the fourth largest state in the US. The geological position of California is such that it lies on the west coast of the United States, and was formerly a part of Mexico. The gold deposits were mainly borne by the rivers in California.

When the news first broke out about the discovery of gold in the late 1848, the people living in and around California were the first ones to take advantage of this literally golden opportunity, and made quick money. Slowly and gradually, the world witnessed a global migration towards the wild, Wild West! People migrated from east America, Latin America, Europe and even Asia.

About 90,000 people migrated to California, in 1849 alone! The figure continued to increase exponentially, and this global migration set to change the face and fate of the United States of America. The gold rush altered the dynamics of this place so drastically that the otherwise small and unknown town of San Francisco became a thriving hub of business, a city with limitless opportunities of trade. Today, San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California, and contributes 13% of the total GDP growth of the country.

The lawless state of California headed towards a revolutionary legally administered region after going through cultural and ethnic turmoil, for ages. This massive migration posed troubles not only for the emigrants, but also for the host country. It is important to understand that not all the emigrants went straight to the gold mines; most of them ended up in taking up other jobs like in factory, or in the farms.

Not everybody was lucky enough to find their fortunes in the gold mines. The reason behind this is that with the passage of time, gold mining became harder, and costlier. Individual gold miners were taken over by corporate companies. However, the migrants had burnt their boats!

They stayed over there, in the US, and learnt all other possible and impossible ways of survival. This resulted in the development of other industries and agriculture, because labour was abundant, and cheap.

The local Indians were forced to leave their homeland during this period. The gold mining industry privileged many, but posed major threats to the ecological system forever. The region was occupied by a variety of ethnic people. The greed for gold by the powerful ones led them to practice great racial discrimination especially towards the Chinese, and the Asians. In short, the American gold rush was not just a regional or national experience, but it had strong repercussions on the socio-economic factor of the world.



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The Australian Gold Rush

A Gold Rush can make a common man a millionaire in an instant. It can be defined as a period of intense migration of labour into an area where there has been a discovery of vast quantities of gold. Gold rushes occurred in the 19th century in Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, and the United States.

Gold rushes are generally marked with the upbeat and optimistic feeling of something that is free-for-all. This makes it possible for anyone to become absolutely prosperous instantaneously. The definition given previously is what a gold rush was. A lot of people link gold rushes to the Californian gold rush, although it is a fact that the Australian gold rush remains to date as the richest gold rush of the world.

The Australian gold rushes began in 1851 when Edward Hammond Hargraves went with his guide John Lister to Lewis Pond Creek. Here they filled and washed a few pans, and found they contained gold. The news spread like wild fire, and over the next few days a number of other people from all walks of life, were seen to be digging like their life depended on it.

Hargraves did not achieve a great fortune from gold. He did although name the Bathurst goldfield Ophir. Later, James Tom, a farmer, declared that it was not Hargraves, and said that he actually found the gold. Even then, the official verdict went against him. Hargraves was labeled, as the Crown Land Commissioner for New South Wales. John Lister and William Tom held another enquiry, just before he died in 1899, and this time it came out to be in favor of the upholding claims that were made. (Brother of James Tom)

The first discovery was in New South Wales, followed by Clunes, Ballarat, Buninyong, and then Bendigo Creek. Soon gold was found in all of the other Australian states. The first gold license was issued in Victoria on 1851. Varying amounts of licenses were issued through out the country.

The Victorian gold rush that occurred right after the Californian gold rush was the biggest of Australian gold rushes. The gold rush was of utmost importance, because it served as a stimulus for economic and political development in Victoria, and Melbourne. By the end of 1851, around 250,000 ounces of gold had been extracted.

The Australian gold rushes gave way for the development of major parts of the city. Railways and telephone lines were constructed. The sudden gathering of people gave way to multi-culture and racism. It also marked the beginning of the Eureka Stockade, and the end of penal transportation.

In 1852, 370,000 migrants entered the country, and the economy received a welcome boost. Victoria alone contributed to almost one third of the total gold output of the world in the 1850s. In two years, the population had increased from 77,000 to 540,000. A fun fact to note here is that the total number of immigrants was more than the total number of criminals of the past 70 years that had landed there. The total population increased three fold from 1851 to 1871, from 430,000 to 1.7million people.



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How to Find Gold

If you want to become a lot more successful at gold prospecting or gold nugget prospecting, the first thing to realize is that good research can make your job a lot easier whilst out in the field. Widespread internet availability today makes your research a whole lot easier and there is a great deal of information out there that you can search for. Another good resource of information is the local library in the area where you plan to go gold prospecting. Another aspect not to overlook is research via old books on the subject or even the diaries of old gold miners if you can find these. All of these avenues will eventually turn up for you, some awesome information and greatly increase your chances of finding a spot where you can find worthwhile deposits of gold that will be worth your time, locating and finding for yourself.

What else can you do?

Try finding old newspapers, old bulletins and geological books about mining, especially for gold. Geological maps can also help you in your search and you should be able able to find these too, via your local state university, another option. There is an old saying which goes along the lines of, 'To find gold, go where gold has already been found'. So, try and find out where the placer workings were located, and try to find spots that others might have overlooked. Also contact governmental agencies in the area where you intend to prospect as all these avenues will assist you in your such to one degree or another.

Also contact any geology and prospecting clubs or associations in the area where you intend to start prospecting and don't be afraid to ask of those members questions relevant to the subject, remember, most people like to talk about subjects which they have a passion for and sometimes depending on the circumstances, they may give you some really good pointers on good places to prospect for gold.

Remember also to always make sure that in the area where you intend to start your gold prospecting that you have in advance all the required permissions from the land owner and don't be surprised if s/he is very annoyed with you, if you do not seek this permission first. It is polite and common courtesy to ask first. Again preparation is key. Driving long distances only to find out the land status does not permit gold prospecting can be very disheartening. If you do your research in advance, many of these kind of problems can be overcome which will aid vastly to your overall enjoyment whilst prospecting for gold nuggets out in the field.

Mark P Andrews is a part owner of GoldsGold.com [http://www.GoldsGold.com] - Where you can buy an incredible range of gold prospecting equipment at down to earth prices, including, gold metal detectors, gold claims, gold nuggets, gold bars, paydirt for gold prospecting at home, gold pans, gold sluices and highbankers, you name it, if it's related to gold, we likely have the goods available via our website



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